Planning for Social Environments : Social Capital in the Context of Critical Realism and the Dynamics of Complex Systems
22 a feature of the social structures , not of the individual actors within the social structure : it is an ecologic characteristic . In this way social capital can be distinguished from the concepts of social networks and social support , which are attributes of individuals
23 naturally occurring social relationships among persons which promote or assist the acquisition of skills and traits valued in the marketplace ... an asset which may be as significant as financial bequests in accounting for the maintenance of inequality in our society
24 the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within , available through , and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit . Social capital thus comprises both the network and the assets that may be mobilized through that network .
25 networks , together with shared norms , values , and understandings which facilitate cooperation within or among groups
26 inclusive civic engagement with democratic governance , generally agreed rules , sanctioning of non-compliance behavior , and resolving of conflicts
27 the web of social relationships that influences individual behavior and thereby affects economic growth
28 the ability of actors to secure benefits by virtue of membership in social networks or other social structures
29 those expectations for action within a collectivity that affect the economic goals and goal seeking behavior of its members , even if these expectations are not oriented toward the economic sphere
30 features of social organization such as networks , norms , and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit
31 the social resources that evolve in accessible social networks or social structures characterized by mutual trust
32 the set of elements of the social structure that affects relations among people and are inputs or arguments of the production and / or utility function
33 those voluntary means and processes developed within civil society which promote development for the collective whole
( Lochner et al ., 1999 , p . 260 )
( Loury , 1992 , p . 100 )
( Nahapiet & Ghoshal , 1998 , p . 243 )
( Australian Bureau of Statistics , 2004 )
( Ostrom , 2005 , pp . 255- 288 )
( Pennar , 1997 , p . 154 )
( Portes , 1998 , p . 6 )
( Portes & Sensenbrenner , 1993 , p . 1323 )
( R . D . Putnam , 1995 , p . 67 )
( Rostila , 2011 , p . 321 )
( Schiff , 1992 , p . 160 )
( C . Y . Thomas , 1996 , p . 11 )
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